Alberto Levy. Director de Consultoría, Innovation & Growth. Deloitte Latin America Countries Organization

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Cognición y Emoción

por Alberto Levy | 25 de Agosto de 2008 | Cognición

La emoción es un estado afectivo que responde a un significado evaluativo asignado a un evento. El efecto de las emociones y del Estado de Ánimo impactan en la Atención, en la Memoria y en el Pensamiento, produciendo:

  • Reducción de la calidad de la información disponible
  • Reducción de la eficiencia en su procesamiento
  • Efectos de sesgo
  • Tendencia a confusión en el proceso
  • Tendencia a confusión en el contenido
  • Confusión en la percepción de la gente
  • Reducción en los recursos de Memoria

Uno de los principales impactos descriptos en la Fisiología del Miedo es en el “Appraisal” o Apreciación de Situación que produce la llamada Memoria Túnel o “foco en el arma” por la que el combatiente sólo se concentra en el arma que lo apunta, borrando la atención a todos los sucesos periféricos, aumentando así su vulnerabilidad. Será que existen decisiones “racionales” sin un componente emocional?

La emoción es una de un gran conjunto de complejas y diferenciadas condiciones biológicas, normalmente caracterizadas por cuatro componentes principales:

  1. El componente cognitivo, que consiste en la representación, conciente o no-conciente, del significado emocional o de la significancia personal de algún aspecto relevante percibido por la persona en el mundo.
  2. El componente motivacional-comportamental, que tiene que ver con las inclinaciones a actuar sobre los constructos que estas representaciones significan y con su relación con lo que realmente se hace.
  3. El componente semántico, que implica la activación del sistema nervioso autónomo y del sistema nervioso central y con sus efectos visceralesy músculoesqueletales implicando procesos neuroquímicos y neuroanatómicos.
  4. El componente subjetivo-experiencial, que es la parte total del sentimiento subjetivo de la emoción particularmente elaborado en humanos y que implica una estructura sistémica de sentimientos, creencias, deseos y sensaciones corporales.

Quien no tiene miedo está loco o está muerto. Coraje es dominar el miedo un minuto más. Ser líder es saber que uno es el único que sabe que tiene miedo.



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  1. Muy bueno el artículo! Es fundamental que cada uno reconozca sus emociones para poder manejarlas. Porque si uno se hace el indiferente o el duro las situaciones lo dominan a uno.

  2. Excelente la descripciòn final sobre el miedo. No creo que tengamos muchos lideres hoy,los que conozco no sienten miedo…y resulta imprescindible para operar con audacia.Con respecto a la parte emotiva no estoy tan de acuerdo, en todo caso podriamos discutir el “porcentaje aceptable” admitido. Si tengo que tomar decisiones trascendentes trato de anular la parte emotiva. Prefiero administrar el miedo.

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