Alberto Levy. Director de Consultoría, Innovation & Growth. Deloitte Latin America Countries Organization

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El proceso decisional y los modelos mentales

por Alberto Levy | 26 de Septiembre de 2008 | Cognición

La teoría de la representación y de los modelos mentales se propone dar cuenta de los procesos cognitivos superiores tales como la comprensión y la inferencia. Los modelos mentales son representaciones de una situación real o imaginaria que construye el individuo. De este modo, las personas traducen los eventos externos en modelos internos y razonan manipulando esas representaciones simbólicas. De acuerdo con Kenneth Crack (Craik, K.J.W. The nature of explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1943) ), creador de este concepto, gracias a esos “modelos a escala” de la realidad externa y de las acciones que se presentan como posibles en la cabeza del sujeto, éste puede evaluar diversas alternativas, concluir cuál es la más conveniente para él, prepararse para situaciones futuras, aprovechando así sus experiencias pasadas para hacer frente al presente y al porvenir, y reaccionando de una manera mucho más completa, segura y competente ante las emergencias.

Los modelos mentales constituyen básicamente una simulación del mundo construida a partir de la percepción, la comprensión de un discurso o la imaginación. El modelo mental es la representación del contenido referencial. Desde la década de los años ’80 y aún en la actualidad, la teoría de los modelos mentales está experimentando un fuerte desarrollo que se refleja principalmente en las explicaciones brindadas respecto de la percepción, la comprensión del discurso y el razonamiento.

Según Philip Johnson-Laird (Johnson-Laird, P.N. (1983). Mental models. Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), su teórico más importante, la percepción constituye una fuente primaria de las representaciones mentales. En éstas, los seres humanos integran en un modelo mental la información proveniente de los sentidos y su conocimiento general para anticipar otros estados del mundo o tomar decisiones. Así, a diferencia de lo que podría afirmarse desde una postura ingenua o acrítica, las personas no perciben el mundo tal como es en sí sino una representación del mundo. Lo que percibe el individuo depende, por una parte, de lo que hay en el mundo y, por otra, de lo que está en su mente. Por eso, el autor afirma que los límites de nuestros modelos definen los límites de nuestro mundo.



47 comentarios para “El proceso decisional y los modelos mentales”

  1. AVI: me gustaria leer algo de ètica en la organizacion y la alta gerencia, aunque sea un comentario. He visto la campaña gràfica de un laboratorio medicinal y resulta mas que evidente una relaciòn con investigaciones judiciales en curso del sector. Cuales son los limites o mejor dicho: podemos apelar a cualquier cosa para vender mas? Aun en caso de un plan innovador hay roce con el honor empresario. Existe? Lo perdimos? y la historia aumulada donde quedò? Gracias!

  2. Avi, entiendo que los límites de nuestros modelos mentales definen el límite de nuestro mundo. Creo que la diferentes experiencias, el estudio constante, las discusiones críticas y objetivas, sumadas a la reflexión, llevan a que podamos construir nuevos modelos mentales, a veces ya no creados sólamente desde nuestra percepción del mundo sino del complemento de la percepción del mundo que nos trasmiten otras personas. Esto crees que puede ser así? Creo que nuestra percepción siempre será quien defina “que entra y que no”, pero mientras aumentemos nuestros input, no sólo en cantidad sino en multiplicidad de enfoques y discplinas nos permitirá generar nuevos modelos mentales. Slds!

  3. Avi,
    Me encantan tus post relativos a los fenómenos psicológicos. A mi entender es fundamenta comprender la manera en que funciona nuestra mente, para poder ser individuos mas completos y tomar decisiones mas inteligentes en todos los campos de nuestra vida.
    Realmente cambia radicalmente la forma de pensar y de percibir al mundo cuando se toma conciencia de que el mapa no es el territorio y de que siempre existe la posibilidad de ampliar y mejorar la percepción de la realidad. Esto, sin lugar a dudas, impacta en el proceso de toma de decisiones y, consecuentemente, en la calidad de vida.

  4. esta del navo este articulo

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  6. no mamen vaianse ala verga eh ni dice nada sobre proceso decisional ptm

  7. HOla, me dirijo a uds. para saber si hay bibliografía disponible en la web que pueda consultar sobre representaciones mentales. Gracias.

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